NEWS RELEASE

November 3, 2000

COMPLEX VERTEBRAL MALFORMATION (CVM) UPDATE

Danish researchers have reported an increasing number of malformations in aborted fetuses, prematurely born, stillborn, and neonatal Holstein calves. They designated the defect Complex Vertebral Malformation (CVM) and claim it is inherited as a simple recessive trait. Externally, there are two major findings: In many cases the cervical and/or the thoracic part of the spinal column seems to be short. Moderate symmetric contraction of both carpal joints (knees) and severe contraction and lateral rotation of the fetlock joints are constant findings. (See photograph).

Dr. David Steffen, Director Veterinary Diagnostic Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln is cooperating with NAAB and Holstein USA to evaluate the Danish scientists claims about CVM. Dr. Steffen has requested clarification about CVM, its diagnosis and genetic relationships. The industry is treating CVM as a possible legitimate defect; however, before recommending a specific course of action, a number of questions must be answered to be able to provide breeders with correct information. Therefore, at this time, we are reluctant to classify CVM as a simple recessive gene until the Danish researchers publish data to support their claim of inheritance.

Using a genetic marker test, the Danes have identified Carlin-M Ivanhoe Bell as the principle founder animal in the Holstein population. Other Holstein sires have been identified to be carriers and have been published by The National Department of Danish Cattle Husbandry. (See www.cattle.dk/holstein). There have been reports of calves in the USA that seem to match the symptoms described by the Danish researchers. Dr. Steffen is submitting tissue samples for DNA testing to determine the validity of the reports.

The indicated mode of inheritance is questioned because details are not available about the research conducted in Denmark. Holstein USA has not identified this defect as an undesirable recessive and does not plan to record the results until the Danish researchers provide additional information to Dr. Steffen and there is industry agreement in the confidence of the test procedure.

Currently, the diagnostic test is only available in Denmark. To assist USA producers with timely results, NAAB has inquired about obtaining a license so laboratories here can conduct the test. However, to date a response has not been received.

Determining an economic impact at this time is impossible until questions about mode of inheritance and frequency in the Holstein population are answered. The industry will recommend a specific course of action as soon as appropriate information is available.

Photo courtesy of Dr. Robert B. Duncan,
Virginia Polytechnic and State University

If you believe you may have an affected calf, please have your Veterinarian contact:

Dr. David Steffen
Director Veterinary Diagnostic Center
University Of Nebraska-Lincoln
Lincoln, NB
Phone: (402) 472-1434
Fax: (402) 472-3094
email: dsteffen1@unl.edu

# # #